Erhu: A Closer Look at Master Maker Hu Han Rou (胡函柔)

When it comes to erhu makers, most people have limited knowledge about the differences between craftspeople and their distinct styles. Who is Hu Han Rou? What makes her erhus special? Why do professional musicians remain loyal to certain makers? Today, we delve into the life and craft of one of China’s most eminent erhu makers—Hu Han Rou—and explore the exceptional instruments that bear her signature.

A Pioneering Woman in Erhu Craftsmanship

Aged Rosewood Erhu by Hu Han Rou

Born in 1954 in Shanghai, Hu Han Rou (胡函柔) stands as a remarkable figure in the male-dominated world of traditional Chinese instrument making. She is a celebrated Shanghai erhu maker who has received numerous national accolades for her exceptional quality of construction and is currently a member of the prestigious China Erhu Association.

Early Training and Apprenticeship

Hu Han Rou’s journey into instrument-making began in 1971, when she first picked up this demanding art form. During her early years, she learned to craft a variety of Chinese string instruments, including the sanxian, ruan, yueqin, jinghu, and of course, the erhu.

Her defining moment came in 1975 when she became an apprentice to the legendary master erhu maker *Wang Geng Xin* (王根兴), one of Shanghai’s most revered craftsmen. Wang Geng Xin’s erhus had already achieved fame through their use by elite performers like Minhuifen, making him a towering figure in the field. Under his tutelage, Hu Han Rou absorbed not only technical skills but also the philosophical approach to instrument-making that would define her career.

Recognition and Achievements

A Historic Certification

Hu Han Rou’s excellence first became nationally recognized in 1989, when she obtained official certification from the Chinese government, demonstrating her exceptional skill in erhu construction. This achievement was groundbreaking—*she became the first woman in China to be awarded such a title*, breaking through gender barriers in a traditionally male craft.

Award-Winning Craftsmanship

Over the following decade, Hu Han Rou continued to refine her craft under the guidance of distinguished Shanghai Music Conservatory and Shanghai Ethnic Music Ensemble professors Wu Zhi Min (吴之珉) and Wang Yong De (王永德). Her dedication bore fruit in spectacular fashion:

*In 1999, at the national erhu-making competition, Hu Han Rou achieved the remarkable feat of winning both **first and second prizes*—a testament to her unparalleled skill and consistency. This dual recognition at China’s most prestigious erhu-making competition cemented her reputation as one of the nation’s finest craftspeople.

The Legacy of Wang Geng Xin

Since the passing of the great master Wang Geng Xin, many professional erhu musicians believe that Hu Han Rou’s instruments are the only ones that truly embody the essence and flavor of her master’s craftsmanship. She has become the keeper of his legacy, preserving and advancing the Shanghai school of erhu-making that emphasizes:

– *Rich, warm tone quality*
– *Exceptional resonance*
– *Refined craftsmanship*
– *Sweet, singing timbre across all registers*

The Shanghai Erhu Tradition

Shanghai has long been one of the three major centers of erhu production in China, alongside Beijing and Suzhou. Each region has developed its own distinct sonic character:

– *Shanghai erhus: Known for their **soft, mellow, and refined tone*
– *Beijing erhus: Characterized by their **bright, penetrating sound*
– *Suzhou erhus: Feature a **balanced blend of Shanghai and Beijing characteristics*

Hu Han Rou’s work exemplifies the Shanghai tradition at its finest, producing instruments with a distinctly sweet tone and rich harmonic content that professional musicians cherish.

The Distinctive Character of Hu Han Rou Erhus

What sets Hu Han Rou’s erhus apart is their remarkable consistency across all price points. Whether crafting student models or professional-grade instruments, she maintains her exacting standards. Her erhus are known for:

– *Rich, Full Sound*: Deep, resonant bass combined with clear, singing treble
– *Sweet, Distinctive Tone*: A characteristically warm timbre that is immediately recognizable
– *Superior Craftsmanship*: Meticulous attention to detail in every aspect of construction
– *Excellent Playability*: Responsive across all dynamic ranges
– *Wang Geng Xin DNA*: Carrying forward the tonal philosophy of the great master

Materials and Models

Hu Han Rou works with premium woods carefully selected for their acoustic and aesthetic properties:

Aged Rosewood Erhus

Crafted from carefully aged rosewood (老红木), these instruments offer warmth and depth with excellent projection. The aging process allows the wood to stabilize and develop superior acoustic properties.

Violet Sandalwood Erhus

Made from prized violet sandalwood (紫檀木), these erhus represent the pinnacle of her craft, offering exceptional tonal complexity and a particularly sweet, singing quality.

Ming-Qing Dynasty Old Wood Erhus

Her most exclusive instruments utilize reclaimed wood from the Ming and Qing dynasties, resulting in erhus with centuries-old acoustic maturity and historical significance.

Recognition Among Professionals

Professional erhu musicians worldwide recognize Hu Han Rou’s instruments for their exceptional quality. Many choose her erhus for:

– *Recording sessions*: The instruments’ tonal purity and consistency
– *Solo performances*: Their projection and expressive range
– *Teaching*: Their reliability and ease of playing for students
– *Collecting*: Their historical significance and investment value

A Living Legacy

As one of the few remaining direct disciples of Wang Geng Xin, Hu Han Rou represents a crucial link in the chain of Shanghai erhu-making tradition. Her work ensures that the distinctive sound and approach pioneered by the great masters continues to inspire and move audiences around the world.

At over 70 years old, with more than five decades of experience, Hu Han Rou continues to craft erhus that carry forward the legacy of her teacher while incorporating her own innovations and insights. Each instrument that leaves her workshop represents not just a musical tool, but a piece of living cultural heritage.

Conclusion

Hu Han Rou’s journey from a young apprentice in 1971 to becoming China’s first certified female erhu maker and a multiple national award winner exemplifies dedication to craft and artistic excellence. Her erhus, with their rich sound and distinctly sweet tone, continue the proud tradition of Shanghai erhu-making while setting new standards for quality and musicality.

For musicians seeking an instrument that combines traditional craftsmanship, historical lineage, and exceptional tonal beauty, a Hu Han Rou erhu represents an outstanding choice—one that connects the player to a century-long tradition of Chinese musical artistry.